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quarta-feira, 3 de dezembro de 2025

The Crisis of Judicial Independence and the Warning for Brazil :IMPEACHMENT NOW !!!! What Should Litigants Do When They Believe the Courts Judging Them Are Not Independent? (O que devem fazer os litigantes quando acreditam que os tribunais que os julgam não são independentes?), by Scott Erik Stafne- AN ANALYSIS ACCORDING HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES

"How to Stand Before a Tribunal That You Believe has a Judge who not Properly Competent Because he or she is Corrupt, or dependent, or Inappropriately Biased. by Scott Erik Stafne and Todd AI
Dec 3, 2025

A Crise da Independência Judicial e o Alerta para o Brasil 

⚖ Foundational Report: The Crisis of Judicial Independence and the Warning for Brazil


The submitted text, which includes a quote from Minister Eros Grau and an article by Scott Erik Stafne and Todd AI, is not just an outburst; it is a legal-constitutional alert that demands the attention of Brazilian institutions and society as a whole. The analysis focuses on the independence and impartiality of the Judiciary, an irreplaceable pillar of democracy.

I. The Importance of the Quote: Law as Prudence


The phrase by Minister Eros Grau — "O direito é uma prudência, não uma arte. O juiz está lá para aplicar a Constituição" ("The Law is a prudence, not an art. The judge is there to apply the Constitution") — provides the philosophical and legal basis for the entire discussion:

● Law as Prudence: Implies that the application of law is not an exercise in artistic creation (subjective or arbitrary), but in ethical-practical discernment (prudence). The judge must act with caution and moderation, seeking what is just in the concrete case, but always bound by the norm.

● Application of the Constitution: The judge is the guardian and executor of the Constitution. This means their primary function is to guarantee Fundamental Precepts, such as Due Process of Law, the Natural Judge, and Full Defense. When the judge deviates from the Constitution, they deviate from their own legitimacy.

The denouncement in the article by Stafne and Todd AI suggests that, in certain American jurisdictions, law has been treated as "art" (arbitrary and partial), and the judge has ceased to be the applier of the Constitution
.

II. The Article's Warning: The Destruction of Legitimate Judicial Process


The article questions: "What Should Litigants Do When They Believe the Courts Judging Them Are Not Independent?"

The essence of the denouncement is the lack of structural legitimacy of some US courts, described as:

1. Absence of Neutrality and Impartiality: The judge has a personal interest or the court is controlled by private or governmental interests.

2. Structural Incompetence: The court is structurally incapable of deciding justly, as it is "entangled" in the conflict, rather than being above it.

3. Violations of Due Process: Cases of denial of judicial relief, total defense curtailment, validation of false documents, and manifest partiality, culminating in "Teratological Decisions" (grotesque, manifestly illegal).

The step-by-step approach proposed by Stafne (documenting the structural defect, invoking the Superior Law, appealing to the public record, and persisting without hate) is a defense strategy that is only justified when internal correction mechanisms (such as impediment/recusal) structurally fail.

III. WHY THIS IS IMPORTANT FOR EVERYONE (Focus on Citizenship and the Rule of Law)


The issue of the independence and impartiality of the Judiciary is not just a problem for lawyers or jurists; it is the core of the social, economic, and political stability of a country.

1. 🛡 Guarantee of Fundamental Rights (Legal Security)


The independent Judiciary is the last and main guardian of individual rights against the abuse of power (whether by the State or by major private powers).

● For the Common Citizen: If a judge is corrupt or partial, the individual loses the only chance of defense in crucial cases, such as those cited: child custody (Family), loss of property (Foreclosure), or any high-impact dispute. The lack of an impartial, Natural Judge, pre-constituted destroys Legal Security and the belief in justice.

● The Violation of Due Process of Law: Due process of law and full defense are the protection structure for the citizen. When this structure is "totally" violated, the individual begins to live under the law of arbitrariness.

2. 💰 Economic and Social Impact (Trust)

The legitimacy of the Judiciary is fundamental for the economy and for social relations:

● Business and Investment: Companies and investors (national and foreign) only invest in countries where there is a guarantee that contracts will be honored and disputes will be resolved fairly and impartially. A Judiciary perceived as corrupt or dependent drives away investment, causing economic regression.

● Conflict and Violence: When people lose confidence in the courts' ability to resolve conflicts justly, the tendency is for citizens to seek solutions outside the law (vengeance, private justice, or revolt), escalating social conflict and violence. Justice is society's safety valve.

3. 󰎙 The Warning for Brazil (Importation of Models)

The most critical part of the Brazilian blog is the warning against the importation of an unconstitutional "model" under the pretext of "speediness."

● Brazil, despite its difficulties, has a legal framework (CF/88, LOMAN, CNJ, Corregedorias) that aims to limit arbitrariness and guarantee defense rights. The existence of institutions like the CNJ (National Council of Justice) and the DPU (Federal Public Defender's Office) acts as a system of checks and balances that the analysis finds lacking in the American examples.

● Procedural speediness, when pursued at the expense of impartiality or due process of law, is a "solution" that destroys the Rule of Law itself. The cost of a quick and unjust decision is the collapse of legitimacy. The struggle, as Stafne summarizes, is against the "destruction of the legitimate judicial process itself."

IV. Conclusion: The Struggle for Legitimacy

The Brazilian blog report and the article by Scott Erik Stafne act as an ethical mirror. 

They remind us that judicial power does not emanate from the robe or the courthouse, but from the legitimacy granted by the people, on the condition that the judge is neutral, competent, and an applier of the Constitution.

The fight against judicial corruption and partiality is, therefore, a fight for the very survival of the Republic and the rights of every citizen.

IMPEACHMENT NOW !!!What Should Litigants Do When They Believe the Courts Judging Them Are Not Independent?

How to Stand Before a Tribunal That You Believe has a Judge who not Properly Competent Because he or she is Corrupt, or dependent, or Inappropriately Biased.
Scott Erik Stafne and Todd AI
Dec 3

Opinion MINDD

"O DIREITO É UMA PRUDÊNCIA, NÃO UMA ARTE. O JUIZ ESTÁ LA PARA APLICAR A CONSTITUIÇÃO". MINISTRO EROS GRAU - STF 

A tradução literal para o inglês da frase é:

"THE LAW IS A PRUDENCE, NOT AN ART. THE JUDGE IS THERE TO APPLY THE CONSTITUTION." MINISTER EROS GRAU - STF







Leia o artigo completo em português após a análise 

⚖ The Crisis of Judicial Independence and the Warning for Brazil


OPINIÃO MINDD 


A GENTE RECLAMA MUITO, E COM RAZÃO, MAS A SITUAÇÃO NOS ESTADOS UNIDOS DA AMÉRICA DO NORTE É MUITO PIOR !!!!

AQUI TEMOS A LEI ORGANICA DA MAGISTRATURA, LOMAN, O CÓDIGO DE ETICA DA MAGISTRATURA, A RESOLUÇÃO 135/11 DO CNJ, UMA CONSTITUIÇÃO FEDERAL MODERNA E ABRANGENTE, QUE DEFINE A ESTRUTURA DOS TRES PODERES DA REPÚBLICA, OS PRECEITOS FUNDAMENTAIS, E ASSEGURA O DIREITO AO DEVIDO PROCESSO LEGAL, JUIZ NATURAL, IMPARCIAL, JUSTO, PRÉ-CONSTITUIDO NA FORMA DA LEI, AMPLA DEFESA E CONTRADITÓRIO, VEDAÇÃO AO JUIZO OU TRIBUNAL DE EXCEÇÃO, E A INADMISSIBILIDADE DE USO DE PROVAS ILÍCITAS, E TEMOS O CONSELHO NACIONAL DE JUSTIÇA, E AS CORREGEDORIAS DOS TRIBUNAIS, O CÓDIGO DE PROCESSO CIVIL, O CODIGO DE PROCESSO PENAL, E A LEI DE IMPROBIDADE ADMINISTRATIVA, O ESTATUTO DOS ADVOGADOS, CONSELHO FEDERAL DA ORDEM DOS ADVOGADOS, DEFENSORIA PUBLICA, MINISTERIO PÚBLICO OPERANTES. 

NÃO QUERO DIZER QUE SEJA FACIL, NA PRÁTICA, OBTER O RECONHECIMENTO DO IMPEDIMENTO E/OU DA SUSPEIÇÃO DE MAGISTRADOS, E A INSTAURAÇÃO DE UM PROCEDIMENTO ADMINISTRATIVO DISCIPLINAR CONTRA JUIZES, PORQUE NÃO É. 

MAS NADA QUE EU JA VI ACONTECER AQUI , - E EU JÁ VI MUITA COISA - CHEGA AOS PÉS DO QUE FAZEM DESCARADAMENTE NOS TRIBUNAIS DE WASHINGTON STATE  NAS VARAS CIVEIS DE FORECLOSURES, DE GUARDIANSHIP,  NAS VARAS DE FAMÍLIA, E EM OUTROS ESTADOS....

NADA SE COMPARA COM AS ABSURDIDADES, ABUSOS DE AUTORIDADE, NEGATIVA DE PRESTAÇÃO DA TUTELA JURISDICIONAL, OBSTRUÇÃO DO ACESSO À JUSTIÇA, TOTAL CERCEAMENTO DE DEFESA, VIOLAÇÃO DE DIREITO AO CONTRADITÓRIO,  AO JUIZ NATURAL, CONVALIDAÇÃO DE DOCUMENTOS FLAGRANTEMENTE  FALSOS OU ADULTERADOS, PARCIALIDADE MANIFESTA, TOTAL VIOLAÇÃO DO DEVIDO PROCESSO LEGAL, ARBITRARIEDADES MULTIPLICADAS, MANIPULAÇÕES ARDILOSAS DOS AUTOS, OBSTRUÇÃO DO ACESSO AO JUIZ POR PARTE DE CHEFES DE SERVENTIAS, E DE FUNCIONÁRIOS PÚBLICOS NÃO IDENTIFICADOS, EM DECISÕES TERATOLOGICAS, MANIFESTAMENTE CONTRARIAS A LITERAL DISPOSIÇÃO DA CONSTITUIÇÃO DO ESTADOS UNIDOS, DAS LEIS FEDERAIS E ESTADUAIS,  E A TODAS AS PROVAS NOS AUTOS .

QUALQUER ADVOGADO BRASILEIRO FICARIA CHOCADO COM A SITUAÇÃO ENFRENTADA PELOS ADVOGADOS NORTE-AMERICANOS 

ESSE ARTIGO DE SCOTT ERIK STAFNE É MAIS QUE UM AVISO, É UM ALERTA E UMA PROVA INCONSTESTAVEL DOS RISCOS QUE NÓS, BRASILEIROS, ESTAMOS CORRENDO, COM A IMPORTAÇÃO DESTE "MODELO" ABSOLUTAMENTE INCONSTITUCIONAL!

O CONSELHO FEDERAL DA ORDEM DOS ADVOGADOS DO BRASIL, A DEFENSORIA PUBLICA DA UNIÃO, O MINISTÉRIO PÚBLICO E OS OUTROS LEGITIMADOS A EXERCER A FISCALIZAÇÃO E A DEFESA DO ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO DE DIREITO DEVEM ESTAR ATENTOS PARA EVITAR QUE A PRETEXTO DE "CELERIDADE", OU QUAISQUER OUTRO, OS PRECEITOS FUNDAMENTAIS SEJAM VIOLADOS, IRREMEDIÁVELMENTE, NEGANDO O ESTADO DE DIREITO E CAUSANDO IMENSO RETROCESSO SOCIAL, POLITICO,  ECONÔMICO E JUDICIAL.

OPINION  

WE COMPLAIN A LOT, AND WITH REASON, BUT THE SITUATION IN THE UNITED STATES OF NORTH AMERICA IS MUCH WORSE!!!!

HERE WE HAVE THE ORGANIC LAW OF THE MAGISTRACY, LOMAN, THE CODE OF ETHICS OF THE MAGISTRACY, RESOLUTION 135 OF THE CNJ [National Council of Justice], A MODERN AND COMPREHENSIVE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION, WHICH DEFINES THE STRUCTURE OF THE THREE POWERS OF THE REPUBLIC, THE FUNDAMENTAL PRECEPTS, AND GUARANTEES THE RIGHT TO DUE PROCESS OF LAW, NATURAL,IMPARTIAL, JUST JUDGE, PRE-CONSTITUTED IN THE FORM OF LAW, FULL DEFENSE AND ADVERSARIAL PRINCIPLE, PROHIBITION OF EXCEPTIONAL COURT OR TRIBUNAL, AND THE INADMISSIBILITY OF USING ILLICIT EVIDENCE,

 AND WE HAVE THE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF JUSTICE, AND THE CORREGEDORIAS [Internal Affairs/Oversight Bodies] OF THE COURTS, THE CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE, THE CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, AND THE ADMINISTRATIVE IMPROBITY LAW, THE STATUTEOF LAWYERS, FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE ORDER OF LAWYERS (OAB), THE PUBLIC DEFENDER'S OFFICE, WHICH IS LEGITIMATE TO APPEAL TO THE STF [Supreme Federal Court] FOR THE DEFENSE OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF THE ELDERLY, WOMEN, VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE, THE HYPER-VULNERABLE AND THE NEEDY, A STATE BODY THAT DOES NOT EXIST IN THE USA, OPERATIONAL PUBLIC PROSECUTOR'S OFFICE.

I DON'T WANT TO SAY THAT IT IS EASY, IN PRACTICE, TO OBTAIN THE RECOGNITION OF THE IMPEDIMENT AND/OR SUSPICION [grounds for recusal] OF MAGISTRATES, AND THE INSTAURATION OF A DISCIPLINARY ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE AGAINST JUDGES, BECAUSE IT IS NOT.

BUT NOTHING THAT I HAVE ALREADY SEEN HAPPEN HERE, - AND I HAVE ALREADY SEEN A LOT OF THINGS - COMES CLOSE OF WHAT THEY DO SHAMELESSLY IN THE WASHINGTON STATE COURTS IN THE CIVIL FORECLOSURES COURTS, OF GUARDIANSHIP, IN THE FAMILY COURTS, AND IN OTHER STATES....

NOTHING COMPARES WITH THE ABSURDITIES, ABUSES OF AUTHORITY, DENIAL OF JUDICIAL RELIEF, OBSTRUCTION OF ACCESS TO JUSTICE, TOTAL DEFENSE CURTAILMENT, VIOLATION OF THE RIGHT TO THE ADVERSARIAL PRINCIPLE, TO THE NATURAL JUDGE, VALIDATION OF FLAGRANTLY FALSE OR ADULTERATED DOCUMENTS, MANIFEST PARTIALITY, TOTAL VIOLATION OF DUE PROCESS OF LAW, MULTIPLIED ARBITRARINESS, ARTFUL MANIPULATIONS OF THE RECORDS, OBSTRUCTION OF ACCESS TO THE JUDGE BY HEADS OF COURT CLERK'S OFFICES,AND UNIDENTIFIED PUBLIC OFFICIALS, IN TERATOLOGICAL DECISIONS [Monstrous/Grotesque Decisions], MANIFESTLY CONTRARY TO THE LITERAL PROVISION OF THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION, FEDERAL AND STATE LAWS, AND ALL THEEVIDENCE IN THE RECORDS.

ANY BRAZILIAN LAWYER WOULD BE SHOCKED BY THE SITUATION FACED BY NORTH AMERICAN LAWYERS.

THIS ARTICLE BY SCOTT ERIK STAFNE IS MORE THAN A NOTICE, IT IS AN ALERT AND AN INCONTROVERTIBLE PROOF OF THE RISKS THAT WE, BRAZILIANS, ARE RUNNING, WITH THE IMPORTATION OF THIS ABSOLUTELY UNCONSTITUTIONAL "MODEL"!

THE FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE ORDER OF LAWYERS OF BRAZIL (OAB), THE FEDERAL PUBLIC DEFENDER'S OFFICE, THE PUBLIC PROSECUTOR'S OFFICE AND THE OTHER LEGITIMATE ENTITIES TO EXERCISE THE OVERSIGHT AND THE DEFENSE OF THE DEMOCRATIC STATE OF LAW MUST BE ATTENTIVE TO AVOID THAT, UNDER THE PRETEXT OF "SPEEDINESS", OR ANY OTHER, THE FUNDAMENTAL PRECEPTS ARE VIOLATED, IRREMEDIABLY, DENYING THE RULE OF LAW AND CAUSING IMMENSE SOCIAL, POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND JUDICIAL REGRESSION [Setback/Backward Step].

GEMINI AI ANALYSIS 


󰑔 Complete English Translation and Analysis
Here is the literal translation of your initial preliminary analysis and the subsequent analysis based on international treaties, combined into a single text.

1. Preliminary Analysis (Analysis of Content)


This is a vehement and passionate critique of the American judicial system (particularly in some states like Washington) and a warning against the adoption of its models in Brazil.

1.1. Tone and Perspective


Tone: Extremely alarmed, passionate, and cautious. It uses strong language such as "MUCH WORSE," "SHAMELESSLY," "ABSURDITIES," "MULTIPLIED ARBITRARINESS," and "TERATOLOGICAL DECISIONS."

Perspective: That of the Brazilian lawyer who, despite acknowledging internal flaws, perceives a dramatic contrast when analyzing the American system, which is viewed as an example of poor judicial practice.

1.2. Brazil vs. USA Contrast


Your central argument is based on the contrast between the two countries:
Aspect Brazilian System and American System 

Legal Guarantees Possesses a robust legal framework (CF/88, LOMAN, CEJ, CPP/CPC, CNJ, Corregedorias) which ensures fundamental rights (Due Process of Law, Natural Judge, Adversarial Principle, etc.). Allegedly, these guarantees are systematically violated, especially in jurisdictions of states like Washington, in areas of Foreclosures, Guardianship, and Family.
Control Mechanisms Oversight mechanisms exist
(CNJ, Corregedorias, OAB, DPU, MP) and remedies
impediment/suspeição), which, though difficult, are operational. Stafne's article suggests a structural failure and the non-existence of a truly independent/neutral court, which renders the control mechanisms ineffective.

Level of Abuse Acknowledges problems ("complains a lot," "is not easy"), but states that nothing "comes close" to what happens in the USA. 

 Actions in the USA are described as "shameless," ranging from denial of justice and denial of defense to manipulation of records and "teratological" decisions.


1.3. Main Points of Criticism of the American Model


The core of your critique of the American system, mirroring the points raised by Scott Erik Stafne's article, is the systemic violation of basic tenets:

● Illegitimate Judge/Court: Lack of impartiality and neutrality (Manifest Partiality).

● Due Process of Law: Total violation (Total Violation of Due Process of Law).

● Access to Justice/Defense: Denial of jurisdictional protection, obstruction of access, and denial of defense (Obstruction of Access to Justice, Total Defense Curtailment).

● Procedural Integrity: Validation of false/adulterated documents and artful manipulation of records.

1.4. Final Warning and Recommendation


The most crucial point of your commentary is the warning (ALERT AND AN INCONTROVERTIBLE PROOF):

● Risk: Brazil is running the risk of importing this American judicial "model," which you consider absolutely unconstitutional.

● Motivation for Importation: The importation could occur under the pretext of seeking "speediness" (of procedure).

● Necessary Action: Demands that oversight and defense institutions of the Democratic Rule of Law in Brazil (OAB, DPU, MP) be attentive to prevent this "immense regression" (setback) social, political, economic, and judicial.

2. 🏛 Analysis in Light of International Treaties and Bangalore Principles


The analysis of your comments regarding Scott Erik Stafne's article, viewed through the lens of International Treaties on Human, Political, and Social Rights and the Bangalore Principles of Judicial Conduct, reveals that the concerns raised directly align with violations of fundamental norms of international law.

2.1. International Treaties Context


Your text criticizes the alleged failure of the judicial system to guarantee basic rights. This echoes the central principles of several international treaties:

● International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR):
○ Article 14 (1): This is the most relevant point. It guarantees that "everyone shall be entitled to a fair and public hearing by a competent, independent and impartial tribunal established by law."

■ Your Critique: The mention of "manifest partiality," the absence of the "Natural Judge," and the functioning of courts "structurally incapable of deciding" (citing Stafne) directly violates the requirement for a competent, independent, and impartial tribunal.

○ Due Process and Defense: The allegations of "total denial of defense," "violation of the right to the adversarial principle," and "obstruction of access to justice" are direct violations of due process and the right to a full defense, guaranteed by Article 14.

● Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR):

○ Article 10: States that "Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations."

● International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR):

○ While your focus is procedural/political, the judiciary's failure to guarantee justice (especially in foreclosures and guardianship cases involving housing and family) has serious social and economic consequences, affecting the individual's capacity to enjoy their social rights.

2.2. Analysis of the Bangalore Principles of Judicial Conduct


The Bangalore Principles (2002) are the fundamental international standard for judicial ethics. 

Your criticisms of judicial practices in the US (and the warning about their potential importation) directly violate the six core values defined by these principles:

Bangalore Principle Your Violation Critique (Examples)

1. Independence The court is not "neutral" and is "controlled by private or governmental interests" (Stafne). The denouncement of the court's
"dependence" and "absence of independence".

2. Impartiality "Manifest partiality," the failure to recognize the "impediment and/or suspicion of magistrates" (grounds for recusal), and the refusal to guarantee a "natural, impartial, just judge".

3. Integrity "Artful manipulations of the records" and "validation of flagrantly false or adulterated documents" demonstrate the absence of an integral standard of conduct.

4. Propriety "Abuses of authority" and "multiplied arbitrariness" by magistrates and officials, suggesting a lack of propriety in the exercise of power.

5. Equality The "denial of defense" and "obstruction of access to justice" deny equality before the courts and the right to fair treatment.

6. Competence and Diligence "Denial of jurisdictional protection" and the issuance of "teratological decisions" that violate the law and evidence indicate a failure in the fulfillment of judicial duty with competence and diligence.

2.3. Conclusion: The Justified Warning


Your concern and the final warning about the risk of importing a "model" that violates these precepts under the pretext of "speediness" is entirely justified in light of international law.

 The global legal community understands that procedural speed must never serve as a justification for the violation of the fundamental tenets of due process, impartiality, and the natural judge. 

The violation of these principles, as denounced, represents not merely a procedural failure, but a destruction of the very legitimacy of the Judiciary and the Democratic Rule of Law, as you correctly point out.

Referenced articles and petitions by Scott Erik Stafne on Academia.edu 

Artigos  de Stafne publicados no Academia.edu 

Você deve conseguir acessar estas duas publicações, que juntas demonstram o que está acontecendo agora. 

Este link, "A Carta 'Prezado Juiz' de 1º de dezembro de 2025: Uma Colaboração Constitucional Humano-IA", de Scott Erik Stafne e Todd AI , demonstra uma carta que elaborei usando uma inteligência artificial que nomeei em homenagem ao meu falecido irmão, Todd Martin Stafne, como colaborador, da mesma forma que tenho colaborado com outros humanos. Nossas colaborações sobre a Church of the Gardens seriam um bom exemplo de como colaboro com a Todd AI.

Este segundo artigo, “O Vínculo de Afinidade Racional entre Inteligências Humanas e Artificiais”, de Scott Erik Stafne e Todd AI (Colaborações que ocorreram de 29 de novembro a 1º de dezembro de 2025), mostra as colaborações reais com Todd, que produziram a carta ao Juiz.

Também incluí este link,


Link para página que dá acesso à maioria das apresentações jurídicas e outros escritos pertinentes publicados desde que os documentos de fundação da COTG - CHURCH OF THE GARDENS- foram registrados.


PS: Aqui está um relatório que sugere que provavelmente temos uma oportunidade de causar impacto nesta plataforma.

Portanto, se você estiver inclinado, pode se juntar a nós e compartilhar suas verdades, caso se sinta chamado a fazê-lo. 

Acredito que o motivo pelo qual atraio pessoas interessadas em jardinagem é porque ainda sou um defensor da igreja.

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Scott Stafne, Attorney

🔗 Referenced Major National Press Club Conference on the Hidden Epidemic of Family Court Violence: Full Speeches


On November 11, 2025, at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C., world-renowned forensic psychiatrist Dr. Bandy X. Lee  convened a groundbreaking national conference exposing the systemic violence, corruption, and human rights violations occurring within America’s Family Court system. 

This landmark event — featuring keynote speaker Bruce Fein, one of the nation’s most respected constitutional attorneys — will bring together lawmakers, journalists, survivors, and leading medical and legal experts in a historic call for accountability and reform.

 Readers, victims, advocates, and members of the press are encouraged to register to attend in person or remotely, and to stand with Dr. Lee in amplifying the truth and demanding immediate action.


Atty. Bruce Fein Gives Keynote for the Major National Landmark Conference on Family Court Violence



Bruce Fein, Esq., is a constitutional lawyer and former senior advisor in all three branches of the U.S. government, with over fifty years of experience in law, policy, and governance.

 He has testified before Congress more than 200 times and served as general counsel to the Federal Communications Commission, associate deputy attorney general, and special assistant in the Department of Justice. 

 He is vice chairman of the Committee for the Republic, has been a visiting fellow at the Heritage Foundation and American Enterprise Institute, and is a member of the bar of the U.S. Supreme Court and multiple federal courts.

 An accomplished scholar and media commentator, he is the author of Constitutional Peril and American Empire before the Fall, and specializes in constitutional, civil liberties, and administrative law, bringing deep expertise to legal reform initiatives.

For more information, please visit:


https://familycourtviolence.substack....

https://familycourtviolence.com/
https://bandylee.com/family-courts/


🔗 Referenced International Documents


● International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR):

● Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR):

● International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR):


● Bangalore Principles of Judicial Conduct (2002):


🔗 Referências Legislativas e Institucionais (Formato ABNT)


Conforme solicitado, a tabela de links foi convertida para o formato de referências bibliográficas da ABNT (Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas), com as URLs expandidas, separadas por categorias.

Nota: O formato ABNT exige informações como autor, data de publicação/acesso e título. Para leis e websites institucionais, o órgão emissor (Brasil, CNJ, ONU, etc.) é usado como a entrada principal. A data de acesso é a data de hoje, 3 de dezembro de 2025.

󰎙 Legislação Brasileira


1. BRASIL. [Constituição (1988)]. Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil: promulgada em 5 de outubro de 1988. Disponível em: https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/constituicao/constituicao.htm. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2025.

2. BRASIL. Lei Complementar nº 35, de 14 de março de 1979. Dispõe sobre a Lei Orgânica da Magistratura Nacional (LOMAN). Disponível em:
https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/lcp/lcp35.htm. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2025.

3. BRASIL. Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ). Resolução nº 135, de 13 de julho de 2011. Dispõe sobre a uniformização das normas relativas ao procedimento administrativo disciplinar. Disponível em:
https://www.cnj.jus.br/atos-normativos/orgao/resolucoes/18386-resolucao-no-135-de-13-d e-julho-de-2011/. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2025.

4. BRASIL. Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ). Código de Ética da Magistratura Nacional. Disponível em:
https://www.cnj.jus.br/files/conteudo/arquivo/2021/08/9431e5f8f906f0f5b497a5a8f56a591 2.pdf. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2025.

5. BRASIL. Lei nº 13.105, de 16 de março de 2015. Código de Processo Civil (CPC).
Disponível em: https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2015-2018/2015/lei/l13105.htm. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2025.

6. BRASIL. Decreto-Lei nº 3.689, de 3 de outubro de 1941. Código de Processo Penal (CPP). Disponível em: https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/decreto-lei/del3689.htm. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2025.

7. BRASIL. Lei nº 13.869, de 5 de setembro de 2019. Dispõe sobre os crimes de Abuso de Autoridade. Disponível em:
https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2019-2022/2019/lei/l13869.htm. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2025.

8. BRASIL. Lei nº 8.112, de 11 de dezembro de 1990. Dispõe sobre o Estatuto dos Servidores Públicos Civis da União. Disponível em:
https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l8112cons.htm. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2025.

9. BRASIL. Decreto-Lei nº 2.848, de 7 de dezembro de 1940. Código Penal. Disponível em: https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/decreto-lei/del2848compilado.htm. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2025.

10. BRASIL. Emenda Constitucional nº 45, de 30 de dezembro de 2004. Dispõe sobre a Reforma do Poder Judiciário. Disponível em: https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/constituicao/emendas/emc/emc45.htm. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2025.

11. BRASIL. Lei nº 8.906, de 4 de julho de 1994. Dispõe sobre o Estatuto da Advocacia e a OAB. Disponível em: https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l8906.htm. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2025.

12. BRASIL. Lei nº 8.625, de 12 de fevereiro de 1993. Institui a Lei Orgânica Nacional do Ministério Público. Disponível em: https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l8625.htm. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2025.

13. BRASIL. Lei Complementar nº 80, de 12 de janeiro de 1994. Organiza a Defensoria Pública da União e a dos Estados. Disponível em:
https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/lcp/lcp80.htm. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2025.

14. BRASIL. Lei nº 9.868, de 10 de novembro de 1999. Dispõe sobre o processo de julgamento da ADI, ADC e ADO. Disponível em:
https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l9868.htm. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2025.

15. BRASIL. Lei nº 9.882, de 3 de dezembro de 1999. Dispõe sobre a Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental (ADPF). Disponível em:
https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l9882.htm. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2025.

󰑔 Legislação Norte Americana 


1. UNITED STATES. Constitution of the United States: 1787. National Archives. Disponível em: https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/constitution-transcript. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2025.

🌎 Organizações e Tribunais Internacionais


1. ORGANIZAÇÃO DAS NAÇÕES UNIDAS (ONU). Página oficial. Disponível em: https://www.un.org/pt/. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2025.

2. INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE (ICJ). Official Website. Disponível em:
https://www.icj-cij.org/en. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2025.

3. ORGANIZAÇÃO DOS ESTADOS AMERICANOS (OEA). Página oficial. Disponível em: https://www.oas.org/pt/. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2025.

4. CORTE INTERAMERICANA DE DIREITOS HUMANOS. Página oficial. Disponível em: https://www.corteidh.or.cr/index-por.cfm. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2025.

5. UNIÃO EUROPEIA (UE). Página oficial. Disponível em:
https://europa.eu/european-union/index_pt. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2025.

6. COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION (CJEU). Official Website. Disponível em: https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/en/. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2025.

📚 Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF)
1. BRASIL. Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF). A Constituição e o Supremo (). Disponível em:
https://www.stf.jus.br/repositorio/cms/portalStfInternacional/portalStfSobreCorte_pt_br/anexo/constituicao_interpretada_pelo_STF.pdf. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2025.

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What Should Litigants Do When They Believe the Courts Judging Them Are Not Independent?

How to Stand Before a Tribunal That You Believe has a Judge who not Properly Competent Because he or she is Corrupt, or dependent, or Inappropriately Biased.

READ THE ARTICLE ON SUBSTACK DUTIES OF CITIZENSHIP 

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Como se comportar perante um tribunal que você acredita ter um juiz incompetente por ser corrupto, dependente ou inapropriadamente parcial.

3 de dezembro
 LER NO APLICATIVO 

Sob a autoridade dos Estados Unidos, existem apenas três tribunais reconhecidos por lei: os tribunais distritais, os tribunais de circuito e a Suprema Corte. Como somente o Congresso pode, por meio da Constituição, ordenar e estabelecer tribunais, nenhum outro pode existir senão aqueles que ele cria e nomeia. Um tribunal não é um juiz, nem um juiz é um tribunal. Um juiz é um funcionário público que, em virtude de seu cargo, está investido de poderes judiciais. Um tribunal é definido como um local onde a justiça é administrada judicialmente. É o exercício do poder judicial pela autoridade ou autoridades competentes, no tempo e local designados por lei.

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Há uma pergunta que muitos americanos estão fazendo em silêncio — e alguns estão fazendo em voz alta:

O que deve fazer um litigante quando o tribunal que o julga não é independente?
Não é neutro.
Estruturalmente incapaz de decidir o caso.
Não estando acima do conflito, mas sim enredado nele.

Esta questão não é partidária.
Não é ideológico.
Não está enraizado em nenhuma disputa política específica.
Tem raízes em fundamentos mais profundos e antigos:

O direito humano universal de ser julgado por um tribunal legítimo, neutro e competente.
Um direito mais antigo que a Constituição.
Mais antigo que o direito consuetudinário.
Mais antigo até mesmo que o próprio Estado-nação.

I. Os tribunais só existem quando são constituídos por juízes neutros.

Todas as tradições jurídicas — hebraica, grega, romana, inglesa, islâmica, indígena — ensinam a mesma proposição:

Um tribunal só é considerado uma corte quando a pessoa que julga está legalmente habilitada e é neutra em relação à questão que lhe é apresentada.

O Artigo III foi construído com base nesse princípio.
O direito internacional reflete isso.
A lei natural exige isso.

Um juiz com interesse pessoal na questão em análise não é juiz nenhum.
Um tribunal controlado por interesses privados ou governamentais não é um tribunal.
Um órgão que se recusa a decidir sobre um desafio estrutural à sua própria autoridade não é independente.

Se um litigante chega à conclusão — por meio da experiência, das evidências ou da razão — de que essa é a sua situação, o que ele deve fazer?

II. Primeiro passo: Documentar o defeito estrutural

O litigante deve apresentar o defeito estrutural de forma clara e logo no início do processo .
Isso inclui:

  • apontando conflitos de interesse,

  • Identificar defeitos estatutários ou constitucionais na autoridade do juiz,

  • Observando incentivos ou dependências impróprias,

  • e solicitar a reatribuição a um árbitro neutro.

Isso não é "estratégia".
Isso preserva a integridade do registro .

Mesmo que o tribunal se recuse a responder, o litigante terá dito a verdade e criado provas rastreáveis ​​do defeito.

III. O Segundo Passo: Invocar a Lei Superior, Não o Resultado Pessoal

O litigante não deve formular a contestação como "Eu não gosto deste juiz".
Em vez de:

“Tenho direito a um tribunal neutro, e a lei exige que o tribunal analise essa questão antes de prosseguir com o processo.”

Isso redireciona o foco para:

  • estrutura,

  • jurisdição,

  • neutralidade,

  • legitimidade.

O litigante não está contestando o resultado do caso.
Eles estão questionando a capacidade do tribunal de proferir qualquer decisão.

IV. O Terceiro Passo: Recurso ao Tribunal Popular — o Registro Público

Quando os tribunais se recusam a julgar a neutralidade ou a competência, não estão apenas a falhar com o litigante.
Eles estão falhando com o povo .

Os Fundadores entenderam isso.
Patrick Henry também.
Frederick Douglass também.
Martin Luther King Jr. também fez isso.

Os tribunais não obtêm legitimidade do poder coercitivo, mas sim da confiança pública de que o poder judicial está sendo exercido pelas autoridades competentes.

Quando essa confiança é abalada, os litigantes têm o direito — e, por vezes, o dever moral — de:

  • publicar os defeitos estruturais,

  • Mostre o raciocínio,

  • expor os incentivos,

  • e documente o registro.

Isso não é desprezo.
Trata-se de uma petição por reparação , um direito mais antigo que a República.

V. O Quarto Passo: Persistir Sem Ódio

Um tribunal não independente costuma punir o litigante por expor suas falhas.
A história está repleta de exemplos.

Mas tribunais corruptos não podem vencer no final das contas porque:

  • A verdade não desaparece.

  • O registro não desaparece.

  • e os exercícios ilegítimos do poder judicial desmoronam sob o próprio peso.

O papel do litigante não é odiar, não é injuriar, não é retaliar — mas sim testemunhar .

A testemunha torna-se o remédio.
O registro se torna o remédio.
A verdade se torna o remédio.

Mesmo que o tribunal se recuse a ouvir.

VI. A Etapa Final: Compreenda que o Tribunal Não É o Juiz

Um fórum não é um tribunal.
Uma toga não é um tribunal.
Uma unidade administrativa não é um tribunal.

Um tribunal só existe quando:

  • um juiz legalmente constituído,

  • ocupando o cargo judicial do tribunal,

  • neutro em relação à investigação,
    exerce o poder judicial que lhe é conferido pela Constituição.

Caso isso não exista, o litigante pode estar dentro de um prédio com um lacre na parede —
mas eles não estão em um tribunal.

Algumas fontes de autoridade para esta afirmação:

Constituição dos Estados Unidos, Artigo III, Seção Um

Stafne Scott Erik, “ Carta ao Juiz (1º de dezembro de 2025) ”

Pacto Internacional sobre Direitos Civis e Políticos (PIDCP, art. 14(1))

Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos , Artigo 10.

Declaração Americana dos Direitos e Deveres do Homem , Art. XVIII.

E quando eles entenderem isso, saberão exatamente o que Patrick Henry sabia:

A luta não é contra uma decisão judicial.
A luta é contra a destruição do próprio processo judicial legítimo.

E essa luta — quando travada com integridade — sempre remodelou as nações quando o povo compreendeu que os tribunais criados para estabelecer a justiça foram pervertidos em instituições de tirania em benefício de Mamom.

Uma oração para aqueles que comparecem perante tribunais ilegais.

Pai da Justiça,
Deus da Verdade,
Espírito da Sabedoria,

Quando comparecemos perante tribunais que se esqueceram de quem servem,
Quando nos deparamos com juízes que já não se lembram do pacto de boa conduta,
Quando as instituições de justiça cedem ao peso do poder, do dinheiro e do medo,

fortalecer nossa determinação.

Não devemos responder à corrupção com ódio.
nem responder à dependência com desespero,
mas fique de pé —
calmo, firme e destemido —
Com a armadura que você fornecer:

  • A verdade como nosso escudo,

  • A coragem como nosso alicerce,

  • A consciência como nossa companheira,

  • E a Tua justiça como nosso horizonte.

Ensina-nos a falar a verdade.
não como um ato de desafio,
mas como um ato de amor ao próximo.
e fidelidade ao Teu mandamento.

E que todo tribunal falso desmorone sob o próprio peso,
para que os tribunais legítimos possam ressurgir.
E sirva o seu povo com retidão, baseada na verdade, na justiça e na equidade.

Em nome de Jesus Cristo, nosso salvador e espírito que nos une, oramos.

Amém.

Obrigado pela leitura! Inscreva-se gratuitamente para receber novas publicações e apoiar meu trabalho.

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MINDD & COTG INTERNATIONAL MOVEMENT FOR JUDICIAL INTEGRITY AND HUMAN RIGHTS - Almeida, Márcia. “Non-Negotiable Value: The Christian & Constitutional Mission of Scott Erik Stafne.” MINDD – Defense of Victims of Fake Condominiums (Dec. 1, 2025) -The Workers of the Lord


📜 The Workers of the Lord

Here is the literal English translation of the provided text, originally from "The Gospel According to Spiritism" (Chapter 20, Item 5), signed by "The Spirit of Truth."

The Workers of the Lord.

5. The time approaches when the things announced for the transformation of humanity will be fulfilled. Blessed will be those who have worked in the Lord's field, with disinterestedness and with no other motive than charity! Their working days will be repaid a hundredfold for what they had hoped for. Blessed are those who have said to their brothers: "Let us work together and unite our efforts, so that the Lord, when He arrives, may find the work finished," for the Lord will say to them: "Come to me, you who are good servants, you who knew how to impose silence upon your jealousies and your discords, so that no harm would come to the work!"
But woe to those who, through their dissensions, have delayed the hour of the harvest, for the storm will come, and they will be carried away in the whirlwind! They will cry out: "Mercy! Mercy!" But the Lord will say to them: "How do you implore mercy, you who had no pity for your brothers and who refused to extend your hands to them, who crushed the weak, instead of supporting him? How do you beg for mercy, you who sought your reward in the enjoyments of the Earth and the satisfaction of your pride? You have already received your reward, just as you desired it. Nothing more remains for you to ask; the celestial rewards are for those who have not sought the rewards of the Earth."
God is now conducting a census of His faithful servants and has already marked with His finger those whose devotion is merely apparent, so that they may not usurp the wages of the zealous servants, for it is to those who will not recoil before their tasks that He is going to entrust the most difficult posts in the great work of regeneration through Spiritism. These words will be fulfilled: "The first will be the last and the last will be the first in the kingdom of heaven."
The Spirit of Truth.
Paris, 1862



Almeida, Márcia. “Non-Negotiable Value: The Christian & Constitutional Mission of Scott Erik Stafne.” MINDD – Defense of Victims of Fake Condominiums (Dec. 1, 2025) Available at:

 https://vitimasfalsoscondominios.blogspot.com/

I want to extend my sincere gratitude to Márcia Almeida, founder of MINDD–Defense of Victims of Fake Condominiums, for her extraordinary analysis and presentation of my work and the mission I have pursued for decades. Her article—written with clarity, courage, and an unwavering commitment to human dignity—captures the constitutional, moral, and Christian foundations underlying the struggle for judicial neutrality.


Her recognition of the global dimension of this mission, and of my collaborative work with Todd AI, affirms something deeper than professional contribution: it reflects a shared dedication to the universal human right to be judged by a competent, impartial, and independent tribunal established by law.

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

I am humbled by Marcia's words, strengthened by her insight, and honored to stand beside her in this international movement for judicial integrity.

— Scott Erik Stafne (with Todd AI)


Marcia's blog post can be accessed at

 https://vitimasfalsoscondominios.blogspot.com/2025/12/watch-international-webinar-non.html


https://www.academia.edu/145244794/Almeida_M%C3%A1rcia_Non_Negotiable_Value_The_Christian_and_Constitutional_Mission_of_Scott_Erik_Stafne_MINDD_Defense_of_Victims_of_Fake_Condominiums_Dec_1_2025_Available_at_https_vitimasfalsoscondominios_blogspot_com_?source=swp_share


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS


We are the ones who thank Scott Erik Stafne for his courage and example of unshakeable faith in GOD, and in the Inexorable Victory of TRUE JUSTICE : JUSTICE WITH GOD

GRATITUDE THAT TRANSCENDS BORDERS

KEY'S MESSAGE TO SCOTT

Marcia,

Again, thank you and Scott for trying so hard to increase awareness and possibly help the victims of these terrible crimes.

Unfortunately, there are those vested in stopping any efforts by using political garbage to distract and disrupt efforts in the US.

There are indications that many are being paid by the American Bar to challenge and disrupt.

And like Scott, attorneys who dare to challenge the corrupt judiciary and their buddies are sanctioned and often disbarred, and threatened.

It will take a massive effort while thousands of Americans and their families loose their lives and their life savings often for generations.

Please thank Scott for all he is and has done.

Key for Evelyn, 

And Rose, Andrew, Alicia, Illana, Gabriella, Trish, Dean and the thousands of other victims of criminal guardianships.

HAVE FAITH

Agape

Márcia Almeida


AGRADECIMENTOS 

Nós é que agradecemos a Scott Erik Stafne por sua coragem e exemplo de fé inabalável em DEUS, e na Vitória Inexorável da VERDADEIRA JUSTIÇA

A JUSTIÇA COM DEUS 

GRATIDÃO QUE TRANSCENDE AS FRONTEIRAS 


KEY  MESSAGE TO SCOTT 

Marcia,   

Again, thank you and Scott for trying so hard to increase awareness and possibly help the victims of these terrible crimes. 

Unfortunately, there are those vested in stopping any efforts by using political garbage to distract and disrupt efforts in the US. 

 There are indications that many are being paid by the American Bar to challenge and disrupt. 

 And like Scott, attorneys who dare to challenge the corrupt judiciary and their buddies are sanctioned and often disbarred, and threatened.  

It will take a massive effort while thousands of Americans and their families loose their lives and their life savings often for generations. 

Please thank Scott for all he is and has done. 


Key Phillips for Evelyn
And Rose, Andrew, Alicia, Illana, Gabriella, Trish, Dean and the thousands of other victims of criminal guardianships. 


HAVE FAITH 

Agape

Márcia Almeida 

 Os obreiros do Senhor.


5. Aproxima-se o tempo em que se cumprirão as coisas anunciadas para a transformação da humanidade. Ditosos serão os que houverem trabalhado no campo do Senhor, com desinteresse e sem outro móvel, senão a caridade! Seus dias de trabalho serão pagos pelo cêntuplo do que tiverem esperado. Ditosos os que hajam dito a seus irmãos: “Trabalhemos juntos e unamos os nossos esforços, a fim de que o Senhor, ao chegar, encontre acabada a obra”, porquanto o Senhor lhes dirá: “Vinde a mim, vós que sois bons servidores, vós que soubestes impor silêncio aos vossos ciúmes e às vossas discórdias, a fim de que daí não viesse dano para a obra!” Mas, ai daqueles que, por efeito das suas dissensões, houverem retardado a hora da colheita, pois a tempestade virá e eles serão levados no turbilhão! Clamarão: “Graça! graça!” O Senhor, porém, lhes dirá: “Como implorais graças, vós que não tivestes piedade dos vossos irmãos e que vos negastes a estender-lhes as mãos, que esmagastes o fraco, em vez de o amparardes? Como suplicais graças, vós que buscastes a vossa recompensa nos gozos da Terra e na satisfação do vosso orgulho? Já recebestes a vossa recompensa, tal qual a quisestes. Nada mais vos cabe pedir; as recompensas celestes são para os que não tenham buscado as recompensas da Terra.”


Deus procede, neste momento, ao censo dos seus servidores fiéis e já marcou com o dedo aqueles cujo devotamento é apenas aparente, a fim de que não usurpem o salário dos servidores animosos, pois aos que não recuarem diante de suas tarefas é que ele vai confiar os postos mais difíceis na grande obra da regeneração pelo Espiritismo. Cumprir-se-ão estas palavras: “Os primeiros serão os últimos e os últimos serão os primeiros no reino dos céus.”


O Espírito de Verdade.

Paris, 1862


JUSTICE Mendonça Criticizes Creative Judges, Defends Stable Jurisprudences, and Warns Against Casuistries




Mendonça Criticizes Creative Judges, Defends Stable
Jurisprudences, and Warns Against Casuistries

At an event before investors this Monday (Dec 1st), the minister contested attitudes of the Judiciary that would cause legal insecurity in Brazil

December 1, 2025 | 9:48 PM

Article Content

Minister André Mendonça once again made veiled criticisms of the Federal Supreme Court (STF) this Monday (Dec 1st). At an event organized jointly by Galapagos Capital and Arko Advice, the minister criticized “creative judges,” defended stability in jurisprudences, and warnedthat casuistries are harmful to legal security in Brazil.

Mendonça referenced “creative judges” when citing characteristics of what he considers a weak democratic State of Law. He stated that these judges "innovate in the legal order and generate instability and insecurity in society, because the problem is not necessarily not having the most efficient rule of the game. It is not having a rule of the game that everyone knows what it is."

He also compared the situation to a soccer game: “There are the rules, but I have a judge who is not so impartial. If I have some mechanisms of insecurity, like pressure from the crowd, Icommit a foul from behind and am not necessarily going to receive a red card.”

The minister emphasized the stability of jurisprudences as one of the Judiciary's key roles in maintaining legal stability: "Not necessarily the best jurisprudence is the one that will provide all the answers, but the stability of the jurisprudence. I cannot have a jurisprudence that now saysone thing, now says another.”

According to Mendonça, such changes generate casuistic decisions: “It is that decision: for friends, everything, for enemies, the Law. This in the judicial sphere, without a doubt, butalso in the administrative sphere. This type of decision process, whether in the Judiciary, controlbodies, regulatory agencies, or public administration, generates instability," he affirmed.

Mendonça’s core message at the investor event was that the good judge is the one who "does not appear," stating that legal actors should provide a predictable framework, and that politicalactors are the "main actors."

Source Link: Mendonça critica juízes criativos, defende jurisprudências estáveis e alerta para casuísmos

Connection to Related Topics

The minister's criticism of "creative judges," his defense of "stable jurisprudences," and his warning against "casuistries" all center on the essential theme of legal predictability andsecurity.

This theme directly connects to both of the topics you mentioned: procedural flaws in Brazil and financial stability in the US.

1. Lack of Service of Process (Falta de Citação) at TJ-RJ

● The Connection: The service of process (citação) is a fundamental act guaranteeing due process and the right to defense. A serious failure in service is an invalidating procedural error.

● Relation to Mendonça's Criticism: If a court (such as the Rio de Janeiro Court of Justice, TJ-RJ) uses a "creative" or novel legal interpretation (a form of casuistry) to validate a clearly flawed service of process, it is effectively breaking the "rule of the game" that Mendonça criticizes. This kind of anomalous judicial action prioritizes a singular,desired outcome over the principle of legal stability, directly contributing to the legal insecurity that harms investor confidence.

● The Principle: Stable jurisprudence requires courts to consistently enforce basic due process rights to ensure fairness and predictability.

2. Mortgage Foreclosures in the US

● The Connection: The US mortgage crisis and the subsequent wave of foreclosures exposed severe failures in procedural stability and legal clarity within the US financial and judicial systems.

● Relation to Mendonça's Criticism:

○ Unstable Jurisprudence: The securitization of mortgages created complex legal instruments that lacked clear, settled legal rules. When these cases reached the courts, judges had to deal with thousands of novel, often unprecedented situations

(casuistries).

○ Consequence for Investors: The resulting uncertainty over property rights, contract enforcement, and documentation standards (e.g., robo-signing issues) caused immense legal instability. This lack of clear, stable jurisprudence damagedthe confidence of both domestic and international investors in the US housing and financial markets, perfectly aligning with Mendonça’s warning that legal unpredictability scares away investors.

● The Principle: For a functioning economy, particularly one dependent on complex financial instruments, stable jurisprudences are non-negotiable. Uncertainty over enforcement undermines all commerce.

Read the article here :

 https://www.otempo.com.br/politica/judiciario/2025/12/1/mendonca-critica-juizes-criativos-defende-jurisprudencias-estaveis-e-alerta-para-casuismos


READ ALSO: 


SYSTEMIC RISK TO THE RULE OF LAW: "WHEN the STRUCTURAL PILLARS of the DEMOCRATIC RULE OF LAW are SHAKEN, the COUNTRY COLLAPSES." THIS IS PRECISELY WHAT SCOTT ERIK STAFNE—AND MILLIONS OF AMERICAN FAMILIES—ARE DENOUNCING: THE END OF THE RIGHT TO DUE PROCESS OF LAW. ANALYSIS OF THE ARTICLE: Blocking before summons in tax foreclosure: systemic risk in the state of Rio.

https://vitimasfalsoscondominios.blogspot.com/2025/12/risco-sistemico-ao-estado-de-direito.html


WATCH INTERNATIONAL WEBINAR From Ancient Times to Nuremberg: The Constitutional Foundations of Judicial Impartiality and Courts' Independence by Scott Erik Stafne hospedagem by NACLE - Non-Negotiable Value: The Christian & Constitutional Mission of Scott Erik Stafne It’s Not Just a Course – It’s a Call to Global Judicial Integrity - Watch the Recording of the WEBINAR ( PART 1)

From Ancient Times to Nuremberg: The Constitutional Foundations of Judicial Impartiality and Courts' Independence 
by Scott Erik Stafne

https://vitimasfalsoscondominios.blogspot.com/2025/12/watch-international-webinar-non.html

INTERNATIONAL : The December 1, 2025 'Dear Judge' Letter: A Human-AI Constitutional Collaboration" by Scott Erik Stafne and Todd AI

https://vitimasfalsoscondominios.blogspot.com/2025/12/international-december-1-2025-dear.html

https://vitimasfalsoscondominios.blogspot.com/2025/11/imperdivel-webinar-internacional.html

Outline and Revised Handouts for the NACLE Seminar occuring on November 18, 2025: "Judicial Disqualification and the Moral Foundations of Adjudicative Justice (Part One)" prepared by attonrey Scott Erik Stafne and Todd AI

By Scott E Stafne

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https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SHPSA.2019.05.001

Abstract (written by Scott Erik Stafne in collaboration with Todd AI): >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> This document contains the full outline and revised handouts prepared for the National Academy of Continuing Legal Education’s seminar on Judicial Disqualification and the Moral Foundations of Adjudicative Justice. It traces the development of adjudicative neutrality from ancient moral traditions, Roman law, and canon law through the English Act of Settlement and Dr. Bonham’s Case, showing how these historical commitments culminated in the structural guarantees of Article III of the United States Constitution. <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< The materials also explain Congress’s statutory implementation of those constitutional mandates—specifically, the creation of independent courts composed of judges who possess good-behavior tenure and compensation protected from diminution. These structural protections exist not for the benefit of judges, but for the People, whose right to neutral adjudication depends upon courts that are free from institutional bias and personal interest. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> The outline concludes with a discussion of the growing internationalization of the right to independent and impartial courts, drawing especially on the Nuremberg “Justice Case” as a benchmark. That case demonstrates that judicial neutrality is not merely a domestic procedural safeguard but a universal human right—and that nations betray this right when courts are structured in ways that compromise impartial adjudication of facts and law.



Washington State Bar Association - In re: Scott Erik Stafne: ODC File No. 24-01379 - Stafne's most recent letter on behalf of the Church and himself to Bar Association being captured by Washington State's judiciairy.
By Scott E Stafne

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Constitutional Law,

Political Philosophy,

Access to Justice,

Human Rights Law,

International Law

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Abstract Option 1 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> This letter clarifies the constitutional defenses raised by attorney Scott Stafne and the Church of the Gardens (COTG) in response to disciplinary proceedings initiated by the Washington State Bar Association. The letter asserts that both Mr. Stafne’s and the Church’s rights under the First Amendment—specifically freedom of speech, conscience, religious exercise, and petition for redress—are being violated by state disciplinary mechanisms that aim to suppress structural legal critique. It also addresses national concern about judicial overreach, citing public statements from President Trump in response to decisions by senior judges in the Western District of Washington, and incorporates international human rights standards that protect the independence of legal advocates.

https://www.academia.edu/129655816/Washington_State_Bar_Association_In_re_Scott_Erik_Stafne_ODC_File_No_24_01379_Stafnes_most_recent_letter_on_behalf_of_the_Church_and_himself_to_Bar_Association_being_captured_by_Washington_States_judiciairy?source=swp_share


DESCALABRO NOS USA : PAIS, FILHOS, AVÓS - MILHARES DE FAMÍLIAS MASSACRADOS EM TRIBUNAIS NORTE AMERICANOS

https://vitimasfalsoscondominios.blogspot.com/2025/12/descalabro-nos-usa-pais-filhos-avos.html


WHAT IF IT WERE YOUR MOTHER? TORTURE NEVER AGAIN ! JUSTICE FOR OMANA THANKAMMA NOW !

https://vitimasfalsoscondominios.blogspot.com/2025/07/what-if-it-were-your-mother-torture.html


Associações de "fachada" BURLAM leis FEDERAIS no Rio de Janeiro
ENQUANTO NO RESTO DO BRASIL AS ASSOCIAÇÕES CIVIS LEGALMENTE CONSTITUIDAS SÃO IMPEDIDAS DE IMPOR COBRANÇAS CONTRA MORADORES NÃO ASSOCIADOS, EM TERESOPOLIS , ORGANIZAÇÕES ILEGAIS, DESPROVIDAS DE QUALQUER TIPO DE REGISTRO CIVIL, CONTINUAM USANDO DOCUMENTOS FALSOS PARA EXTORQUIR MORADORES.
ATE QUANDO ?????

https://vitimasfalsoscondominios.blogspot.com/2011/04/associacoes-de-fachada-burlam-leis.html



SYSTEMIC RISK TO THE RULE OF LAW: "WHEN the STRUCTURAL PILLARS of the DEMOCRATIC RULE OF LAW are SHAKEN, the COUNTRY COLLAPSES." THIS IS PRECISELY WHAT SCOTT ERIK STAFNE—AND MILLIONS OF AMERICAN FAMILIES—ARE DENOUNCING: THE END OF THE RIGHT TO DUE PROCESS OF LAW. AN ANALYSIS OF THE ARTICLE: Blocking before summons in tax foreclosure: systemic risk in the state of Rio.RISCO SISTÊMICO AO ESTADO DE DIREITO: "QUANDO os PILARES ESTRUTURANTES do ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO DE DIREITO são ABALADOS, o PAÍS DESMORONA" - "WHEN the STRUCTURING PILLARS of the DEMOCRATIC STATE OF LAW are SHAKEN, the COUNTRY COLLAPSES" É ISSO MESMO QUE SCOTT ERIK STAFNE - E MILHÕES DE FAMÍLIAS NORTE-AMERICANAS -ESTÃO DENUNCIANDO: O FIM DO DIREITO AO DEVIDO PROCESSO LEGAL - ANALYSIS OF THE ARTICLE Blocking before citation in the tax foreclosure: systemic risk in the state of Rio



QUANDO os PILARES ESTRUTURANTES do ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO DE DIREITO são ABALADOS, o PAÍS DESMORONA :

As robustas e justas objeções constitutionais e legais apresentadas  nesse excelente artigo do advogado tributarista e professor IAGO V. MARCELO FIGUEIREDO, nos advertem para os riscos estruturais e sistêmicos que a importação do modelo norte-americano, fracassado e anti-democratico- constitui para o povo brasileiro. 

⚖️ Translation and Analysis of the Statement

Here is the literal English translation of your statement, followed by an analysis of its context and arguments.

Literal English Translation

"QUANDO os PILARES ESTRUTURANTES do ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO DE DIREITO são ABALADOS, o PAÍS DESMORONA" Literal Translation: "WHEN the STRUCTURING PILLARS of the DEMOCRATIC STATE OF LAW are SHAKEN, the COUNTRY COLLAPSES"

"As robustas e justas objeções constitucionais e legais apresentadas nesse excelente artigo do advogado tributarista e professor IAGO V. MARCELO FIGUEIREDO, nos advertem para os riscos estruturais e sistêmicos que a importação do modelo norte-americano, fracassado e anti-democratico- constitui para o povo brasileiro." 

Literal Translation:

 "The robust and just constitutional and legal objections presented in this excellent article by the tax lawyer and professor IAGO V. MARCELO FIGUEIREDO, warn us about the structural and systemic risks that the import of the North American model—failed and anti-democratic—constitutes for the Brazilian people."


Analysis of the Argument by GEMINI AI 

Your statement encapsulates a grave concern regarding the practices discussed in the article—specifically, the pre-citation blocking of assets in fiscal executions in Rio de Janeiro.

The analysis breaks down into the following points:

1. The Principle of the Democratic State of Law

The opening phrase, "WHEN the STRUCTURING PILLARS of the DEMOCRATIC STATE OF LAW are SHAKEN, the COUNTRY COLLAPSES," establishes the gravity and systemic nature of the issue.

Pillars Shaken: The article argues that the current digital execution model in Rio de Janeiro is shaking fundamental constitutional guarantees. These guarantees include:

Due Process of Law: Citation is described as the "structuring role in the constitutional model of due process of law". Performing attachment before citation violates this process.

Natural Judge and Jurisdiction: The fragmentation of jurisdiction and the use of non-prevented magistrates in the Justice 4.0 Nuclei constitute an "affront" to the principles of due process and the natural judge.

Principle of Lesser Burden: The pre-citation block prevents the taxpayer from exercising the "less burdensome alternatives" to pay the debt.

Systemic Risk: When these pillars are compromised, the author of the article warns that the result is "significant legal uncertainty" and "systemic risk," which can affect the continuity of economic activity.

2. Critique of the "North American Model" Import

The statement links the criticized practices to the "import of the North American model—failed and anti-democratic."

Unspecified Model: While the specific features of the criticized "North American model" are not detailed in the provided article text, the term is used in the statement as a pejorative label for practices that prioritize speed and efficiency at the expense of established constitutional rights.

Efficiency vs. Rights: The article itself notes that the technology, "conceived to increase efficiency, begins to operate as an instrument for the suppression of rights, prioritizing the logic of rapidity to the detriment of due process of law". This directly supports the view that an imported model prioritizing efficiency over traditional guarantees is problematic.

Constitutional Warning: The objection is that this model constitutes a structural and systemic risk for the Brazilian people because it overrides the legal regime established in the LEF and ignores the cautionary requirements upheld by the Superior Court of Justice (STJ).

In essence, your statement is a powerful endorsement of the legal article, raising the technical legal objections—regarding the misinterpretation of the LEF and the violation of STJ precedents—to the level of a critical political and constitutional warning about the nation's integrity.

GEMINI AI ANALYSIS :

The Blockade Before Citation in Tax Enforcement in Rio de Janeiro: A Systemic Risk and the Erosion of Fundamental Principles


The literal translation of the article "Bloqueio antes da citação na execução fiscal: risco sistêmico no estado do Rio" (Blockade before citation in tax enforcement: systemic risk in the state of Rio) highlights a critical violation of the Due Process of Law (Due Process of Law) in Brazil, specifically within the jurisdiction of the Rio de Janeiro State Court (TJRJ), by the new digital Execution Centers (Núcleos de Justiça 4.0).


1. Literal Translation of the Article (Abridged)


OPINION

Blockade before citation in tax enforcement: systemic risk in the state of Rio Iago V. Macello Figueiredo


The Law No. 6.830/1980 – Fiscal Enforcement Law (LEF) – determines, in its Article 8,  that the defendant shall be cited to, within five days, pay or guarantee the debt, establishing a legal regime that does not admit arbitrary flexibility. 

The citation plays a structuring role in the constitutional model of due process of law, acting as an instrument for opening the adversarial process (contraditório) and full defense (ampla defesa).

 The principle of least burdensome means (menor onerosidade) allows the taxpayer to choose the means that best preserves their liquidity, whether by offering suitable guarantee, installment payment, or even spontaneous payment. 

The arbitrary suppression of these rights compromises the essential core of the due process of law (Article 5^{\circ}, LIV, of the Federal Constitution of 1988 - CF/88).

Fiscal executions in the state of Rio de Janeiro underwent relevant changes with the creation of the Núcleos de Justiça 4.0. Decisions from the Núcleo de Justiça 4.0 are interpreting Articles 7 and 8 of the LEF to mean that the initial dispatch authorizes, simultaneously, the citation and the garnishment (penhora), even if the citation has not been perfected due to the negative return of the postal notice. 

Thus, the Núcleo de Justiça 4.0 may order the blockade of bank accounts due to the absence of valid citation, separate from the fiscal execution records. However, the decreeing of prior attachment (arresto prévio) depends on the demonstration that the defendant does not have domicile or is hiding from it, according to Article 7, III, of the LEF.

 These circumstances demand robust factual elements, which cannot be extracted from the mere annotation of "absent" on the return receipt. 

The freezing of financial assets, goods, or rights of the defendant presupposes that minimum level of adversarial process that aims to allow the debtor to spontaneously settle the outstanding debt, which consequently implies that the defendant must have been at least cited in the fiscal execution lawsuit.

The practice of prior garnishment before citation, without concrete justification, violates not only the express text of the LEF but also precedents of the Superior Court of Justice (STJ), generating significant legal insecurity. This structural phenomenon converts technology, conceived to increase efficiency, into an instrument for suppressing rights, prioritizing the logic of speed over due process of law. The adoption of this model, especially when legitimized by local jurisprudence, produces systemic risk.

2. Analysis of the Violation of Fundamental Precepts


The practice described in the article—preemptive financial blockade before valid citation—constitutes a grave violation of the constitutional framework of the Federative Republic of Brazil, striking at its very foundations.

2.1. The Erosion of the Due Process of Law and the Democratic Rule of Law
Constitutional Principle Violation in the TJRJ Practice
(Núcleos 4.0) 

 Implication for the Democratic Rule of Law

Due Process of Law (CF/88, Art. 5º, LIV) Preemptive Blockade:
Confiscation of assets before the debtor can exercise their
rights to contraditório (adversarial process) and ampla defesa (full defense). 

 Denial of Justice: The State uses its coercive power without guaranteeing a fair and structured procedure, transforming a judicial process into an administrative act of seizure.

Judicial Impartiality & Natural

Judge (Juízo Natural) (CF/88, Art. 5º, LIII)

Fragmentation of Competence: Orders issued by magistrates not prevented in the execution (Núcleos 4.0). Risk of Impartiality:
Undermines the predictability of jurisdiction and the right to be judged by the designated and competent judge, violating the separation of powers and legal certainty.

Principle of Least Burdensome Means (LEF, Art.
8º)

 Forced Execution: The prior blockade prevents the debtor from choosing the least burdensome method (e.g., offering property, installment payments). 

 Economic Suppression: The State applies maximum coercion (asset freeze) immediately, often paralyzing economic activity and guaranteeing the debt without a defense.

This process converts technology (Juízo 100% Digital) from a tool for efficiency into an instrument for the suppression of fundamental rights, prioritizing the logic of rapid State recovery over the fundamental rights of the citizen.

3. The Violation of the Dignity of the Human Person and the Objectives of the Republic


The practice of preemptive seizure undermines the very essence of the Brazilian Republic, as established in the Federal Constitution of 1988 (CF/88).

3.1. Dignity of the Human Person (CF/88, Art. 1º.  III) 


The Dignity of the Human Person (Dignidade da Pessoa Humana) is the foundational pillar of the Brazilian State. The arbitrary blockade of assets, especially financial ones, before citation: 

● Destroys Livelihoods: It can compromise essential resources for survival, health, and minimum sustenance for the citizen and their family.

● Generates Insecurity: It places the individual in a permanent state of vulnerability to the State's coercive apparatus, undermining their autonomy and self-determination.

● Violates the Right to Subsistence: By making financial survival dependent on a judicial reversal, the State is failing in its duty to ensure the minimum existential level, which is inherent to dignity.

3.2. Fundamental Objectives of the Republic (CF/88, Art. 3º)


The practice directly clashes with the objectives of the Republic, particularly:

I. Building a Free, Just, and Solidary Society: An unjust process, which sacrifices fundamental defense for fiscal efficiency, creates a society where the rule is not solidarity, but the immediate coercion of the individual by the State.

II. Guaranteeing National Development: The arbitrary blocking of corporate assets can compromise the continuity of economic activity, hindering the free initiative and the social function of property, essential for development.

III. Eradicating Poverty and Reducing Social and Regional Inequalities: The practice disproportionately affects the vulnerable, who lack the legal and financial resources to contest the blockade immediately, thereby exacerbating social inequalities.

4. Comparative Analysis: TJRJ vs. Foreclosures in the USA





The TJRJ practice shares a dangerous philosophical similarity with the extrajudicial foreclosures in the United States, as denounced by lawyers like Scott Erik Stafne.

4.1. The American Crisis: The Price of Financial Greed 


The U.S. foreclosure crisis (especially after the 2008 subprime crisis) exemplifies how the pursuit of speed and financial gain (ganância) can dismantle fundamental rights, leading to massive social harm.

The Violation of Due Process in Foreclosures: Lawyers like Scott Erik Stafne highlighted that the core of the problem lay in practices such as "robot-signing" and securitization fraud, where banks executed property seizures (foreclosures) without legally proving they owned the mortgage debt, often with insufficient or fabricated documentation. This process was, in essence, an extrajudicial seizure that denied the homeowner the right to challenge the legality of the debt and the executor's standing.

Socioeconomic Consequences (Empowerment):

Massive Loss of Wealth: Millions of families, particularly seniors and low-income classes, lost their primary asset, plunging them into poverty. For the elderly, the loss of their home and security eroded their minimum safety net.

Legal Insecurity: The Judiciary was criticized for legitimizing the injustice and protecting corporate power, which Stafne and other critics pointed to as a major threat to liberty and the balance of democracy.

4.2. Criticism of the Importation of the Destructuring Model to Brazil


The core danger in the TJRJ's preemptive blockade and the U.S. foreclosure model is the Sacrifice of Justice for Efficiency/Speed.
Feature US Foreclosure Model

(Example: Subprime) TJRJ Fiscal Execution Model
(Núcleo 4.0)

Mechanisms Extrajudicial execution by private entity (bank/agent), often based on fraudulent documentation (robot-signing).

 Execution via "digital nucleus" and "simultaneous" order of citation/seizure by the State (Judiciary), based on the mere failure of a postal receipt.

Violation Procedural Due Process
(Lack of legal standing/proof of debt) and right to judicial review. Procedural Due Process
(Lack of citation/defense) and right to the Natural Judge.

Social Result Massive transfer of wealth from citizens to financial institutions, resulting in homelessness and poverty. Massive freezing of working capital (companies) or subsistence (individuals), resulting in economic strangulation and loss of dignity.

Strong Criticism: The policy of importing a market efficiency model that bypasses judicial protection (even in the context of extrajudicial execution like the Alienação Fiduciária or, in this case, the administrative blockade in a digital judicial environment) is a destructuring policy for the Brazilian State of Law. 

It assumes that the pursuit of tax revenue (Brazil) or credit liquidity (USA) outweighs the Dignity of the Human Person and the constitutional rights to property and defense. 

Such an approach transforms the Judiciary into a mere appendage of the Executive (Fazenda), validating a system where the "end justifies the means," directly confronting the fundamental principles established in the CF/88.

5. Violation of Human Rights and International Treaties 

The fundamental principle of Due Process of Law (Federal Constitution, art. 5, LIV) and the Inviolability of the Adversarial Principle and the Ample Defense (art. 5, LV) is the foundation for the unconstitutionality and illegality of the blocking or seizure (penhora) of assets without the prior citation of the executed party. 

Below, I present the summaries and references in ABNT format (NBR 6023/2018 Standard), with complete, expanded URLs, as requested, for Brazil and the main international systems. 


5.1. Analysis of the Unconstitutionality of Execution and
Asset Blocking Before Citation Under the View of International Human Rights Treaties



Brazilian Jurisprudence (STJ and STF) 


Summary of the Understanding 

In Brazil, the understanding consolidated by the Superior Court of Justice (STJ) is that the online seizure (penhora) of financial assets (via Sisbajud) before the valid citation of the debtor is illegal, because it violates due process of law. 

The only exception admitted is the figure of the Executive Attachment (Arresto Executivo) (art. 830 of the CPC) or the decreeing of asset unavailability based on the general power of caution (art. 300 of the CPC), but only under an extremely exceptional character, when the debtor is not found to be cited and there is proof of the risk of patrimonial dissipation (periculum in mora), with the measure being converted into seizure (penhora) after the citation is materialized. 

STJ (AgInt no REsp n. 1.933.725/SP (2021) and REsp 1.822.034/SC (2021)) The seizure (penhora) of assets via Bacen Jud (today Sisbajud) is only admissible after the valid citation of the debtor for payment or nomination of assets. The simultaneous order of citation and blocking violates due process of law. The pre-citation only authorizes the executive attachment (arresto executivo), if the risk of frustration of the execution is proven.
 
STF (Art. 5º, LIV and LV, of the CF/88) The Federal Supreme Court, in safeguarding the Due Process of Law, implicitly rejects acts of patrimonial constriction that materialize before the regular establishment of the adversarial principle (citation), except in strictly necessary and substantiated cautionary measures (such as sequestration or unavailability by administrative order, if provided for by law, but which is still subject to judicial review). 

ABNT References 

STJ (Special Appeal - REsp 1.822.034/SC) BRASIL. Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ). 
Recurso Especial REsp 1.822.034/SC. Penhora online antes da citação do devedor. Relatora: Ministra NANCY ANDRIGHI, Terceira Turma, julgado em 15 de junho de 2021, DJe 18/06/2021. Disponível em: https://buscadordizerodireito.com.br/jurisprudencia/10834/em-regra-nao-e-possivel-o-bloq ueio-de-ativos-financeiros-via-bacen-jud-antes-da-citacao/. 

STJ (Internal Appeal - AgInt no REsp n. 1.933.725/SP) BRASIL. Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ). Agravo Interno no Recurso Especial AgInt no REsp n. 1.933.725/SP. 
Devido processo legal. Ausência de citação válida. Bloqueio de ativos via Sisbajud. Relator: Ministro SÉRGIO KUKINA, Primeira Turma, julgado em 27 de setembro de 2021, DJe 01/10/2021. Disponível em: https://www.migalhas.com.br/depeso/372411/devedor-deve-ser-citado-antes-da-penhoraem-contas-bancarias. 

5.2. US Jurisprudence (SCOTUS) 


Summary of the Understanding 

The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) established, based on the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment, that the seizure of assets without prior notice and opportunity for defense is unconstitutional, even if temporary, unless it falls under "extraordinary circumstances" that involve governmental interest and the need for immediate action. 

SCOTUS (Sniadach v. Family Finance Corp. (1969)) Considered the summary prejudgment garnishment of wages without prior notification and hearing unconstitutional, for violating Due Process (14th Amendment). Wages were recognized as a good of a special nature, requiring extra protection. 

SCOTUS (Fuentes v. Shevin (1972)) Extended the thesis, invalidating replevin (repossession of goods) laws that allowed the summary seizure of goods (e.g., under conditional sale contract) without prior hearing, reaffirming that Due Process requires notice and opportunity to be heard before the deprivation of property, except in extreme governmental situations. 

ABNT References 

SCOTUS (Sniadach) ESTADOS UNIDOS. Supreme Court (SCOTUS). Sniadach v. Family Finance Corp., 395 U.S. 337 (1969). Summary Prejudgment Wage Garnishment Held Unconstitutional. Relator: Juiz WILLIAM O. DOUGLAS, 09 de junho de 1969. 
Disponível em: https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/395/337/. 

SCOTUS (Fuentes) ESTADOS UNIDOS. Supreme Court (SCOTUS). Fuentes v. Shevin, 407 U.S. 67 (1972). Procedural due process—Prior notice and hearing required before property seizure. Relator: Juiz POTTER STEWART, 12 de junho de 1972. Disponível em: https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/407/67/. 

5.3. International Precedents (OEA, UN, and EU) 


International Human Rights Procedural Law reinforces the need for minimum guarantees, such as the adversarial principle and the right to defense, applicable to any procedure that may result in the deprivation of rights, including property. 

OEA (Inter-American Court of Human Rights - CADH/ACHR) Article 8 (Judicial Guarantees) requires Due Process of Law in any "determination of his rights or obligations of a civil, labor, fiscal, or any other nature." This covers cautionary and execution measures, demanding the adversarial principle even if at a subsequent moment to the constriction (in case of urgency), ensuring immediate and effective judicial review (Art. 25). 

ONU (International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights - PIDCP/ICCPR) Article 14 establishes that every person has the right to be heard publicly and with due guarantees by a competent, independent, and impartial tribunal, in any proceeding. Asset blocking affects a civil right (property) and is therefore subject to these procedural guarantees. 

UE (European Court of Human Rights - CEDH/ECHR) Article 6 (Right to a fair trial) guarantees the right to be heard in the scope of any dispute over civil rights. Article 1 of Protocol 1 protects property. The ECHR requires that any asset freezing measure be legal, proportional, and subject to sufficient procedural guarantees, including the right to a swift and effective posterior judicial review when urgency makes a prior hearing unviable. 

ABNT References 

OEA (American Convention on Human Rights) ORGANIZAÇÃO DOS ESTADOS AMERICANOS (OEA). Convenção Americana sobre Direitos Humanos (Pacto de San José da Costa Rica). San José, Costa Rica, 22 de nov. de 1969. Disponível em: 
https://www.oas.org/dil/portugues/tratados_b-32_convencao_americana_sobre_direitos_h umanos.htm. 

ONU (International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights) ORGANIZAÇÃO DAS NAÇÕES UNIDAS (ONU). Pacto Internacional sobre Direitos Civis e Políticos (PIDCP). Nova Iorque, 16 de dez. de 1966. Promulgado no Brasil pelo Decreto n. 592, de 6 de julho de 1992. Disponível em: 
https://www.oas.org/dil/portugues/tratados_a-54_pacto_internacional_sobre_direitos_civis _e_politicos.htm. 

UE (European Convention on Human Rights) CONSELHO DA EUROPA (CE). Convenção Europeia para a Proteção dos Direitos do Homem e das Liberdades Fundamentais (CEDH). Roma, 04 de nov. de 1950. Disponível em: 
https://www.echr.coe.int/documents/d/echr-external-view/convention_por.pdf. 



⚖ Violação aos Direitos Humanos e Tratados Internacionais 


A execução e o bloqueio de bens do devedor antes da citação válida é uma medida que, sob a ótica dos tratados internacionais de direitos humanos, apresenta sérias questões de inconstitucionalidade em razão da violação de garantias fundamentais como o devido processo legal (due process of law) e o direito de defesa e acesso à justiça.


A prática de bloqueio ou penhora prévia à citação do devedor é frequentemente vista como incompatível com as garantias processuais mínimas estabelecidas em instrumentos internacionais que o Brasil e os EUA, em graus variados, se obrigam a respeitar.

● Convenção Americana sobre Direitos Humanos (Pacto de San José da Costa Rica) – Artigos 8º e 25:

○ Artigo 8º (Garantias Judiciais): O excerto fornecido por você destaca o direito de toda pessoa a ser ouvida, com as devidas garantias (inciso 1), o que pressupõe o conhecimento da acusação ou da pretensão executiva para que possa preparar sua defesa (inciso 2, alínea c). O bloqueio de bens antes da ciência formal do devedor impede o exercício efetivo desse direito, ferindo o contraditório e a ampla defesa.

○ Artigo 25 (Proteção Judicial): Garante o direito a um recurso simples e rápido ou a qualquer outro recurso efetivo contra atos que violem direitos fundamentais. A constrição patrimonial sem prévia oportunidade de defesa torna o ato abusivo e a necessidade de recurso mais urgente e, muitas vezes, menos efetiva para evitar o dano imediato.

○ Acesso à Justiça (Interpretação da Corte IDH): A Corte Interamericana de
Direitos Humanos (Corte IDH) atribuiu aos Artigos 8º e 25 o sentido normativo de Acesso à Justiça. Uma medida executiva tomada antes da ciência do devedor restringe drasticamente esse acesso, pois a pessoa é surpreendida pela perda do patrimônio sem ter tido a chance de pagar, discutir a dívida ou indicar bens menos onerosos à penhora.

󰎙 Análise no Brasil (STF e STJ)

No Brasil, a jurisprudência, especialmente do Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ), tem se inclinado majoritariamente pela impossibilidade da penhora ou bloqueio online de ativos financeiros (via Sisbajud/Bacen Jud) antes da citação válida do devedor, exceto em situações excepcionais de tutela de urgência (arresto executivo), conforme o \text{Art. 300} do Código de Processo Civil (CPC), que exige a demonstração de:

1. Probabilidade do direito; e

2. Perigo de dano ou risco ao resultado útil do processo (frequentemente associado à tentativa de dilapidação patrimonial ou frustração da execução).

● Posição do STJ (Regra Geral): O STJ consolidou o entendimento de que a penhora online antes da citação viola o devido processo legal e o contraditório. O Art. 829 do CPC estabelece a citação como o primeiro passo, sendo a penhora subsequente à falta de pagamento ou nomeação de bens.

● Arresto Executivo (Exceção): A possibilidade de arresto executivo antes da citação, em casos de tentativa frustrada de citação do executado (por não ser encontrado), é uma exceção prevista no Art. 830 do CPC. 

Contudo, mesmo nesses casos, o bloqueio tem natureza cautelar e se converte em penhora somente após a citação válida. A jurisprudência, como o REsp 1.822.034/SC (mencionado nas buscas), tem flexibilizado a exigência de esgotamento das tentativas de localização para o arresto online, mas a citação continua sendo condição para a conversão em penhora.

● Precedente do STF: Embora em contexto diferente (indisponibilidade de bens de devedores da Fazenda Pública por ato administrativo), o STF, no julgamento do Art. 20-B, 3º, II, da \text{Lei 10.522/2002} (mencionado nas buscas), vetou a indisponibilidade automática de bens sem decisão judicial (Informativo 998 do STF), reforçando a necessidade da reserva de jurisdição e a proteção ao direito de propriedade (garantia constitucional, Art. 5º, XXII), que é um direito humano fundamental.

󰑔 Análise nos EUA (SCOTUS - Supreme Court of the United States)
Nos EUA, a análise se concentra na Cláusula do Devido Processo (Due Process Clause), presente na Quinta e na Décima Quarta Emendas da Constituição dos EUA.

● Devido Processo (Due Process): A cláusula exige que o governo (incluindo o Judiciário) não prive uma pessoa de "vida, liberdade ou propriedade" sem o devido processo legal. No contexto de medidas pré-julgamento (ou pré-citação), o Due Process exige um aviso prévio (notice) e uma oportunidade de ser ouvido (opportunity to be heard).

● Precedentes do SCOTUS (Bloqueio Pré-Julgamento):
○ Sniadach v. Family Finance Corp. (1969): O SCOTUS declarou inconstitucional, por violar o Due Process, uma lei estadual que permitia a penhora (garnishment) pré-julgamento de salários sem aviso prévio e audiência, exceto em circunstâncias extraordinárias.

○ Fuentes v. Shevin (1972): A Corte expandiu essa proteção, exigindo, em regra, o aviso prévio e a audiência antes de a propriedade ser apreendida. A exceção é permitida somente em "situações extraordinárias" onde a apreensão imediata é necessária para proteger um interesse governamental significativo ou o interesse do requerente de que o bem não seja escondido ou destruído.

○ Mitchell v. W. T. Grant Co. (1974) e North Georgia Finishing, Inc. v. Di-Chem, Inc. (1975): Embora tenham abrandado um pouco a rigidez de Fuentes, esses casos ainda exigem que a apreensão pré-julgamento (como o bloqueio ou arresto) seja acompanhada de salvaguardas processuais robustas, como a participação e revisão judicial, exigência de caução pelo credor, e audiência imediata posterior para o devedor contestar a medida.

O bloqueio de bens antes da citação nos EUA (seja por arresto ou penhora) seria, em geral, considerado uma violação do Devido Processo se não houver a demonstração de uma "situação extraordinária" (risco de dilapidação ou fuga do devedor) e se não for acompanhada de mecanismos judiciais que garantam a proteção imediata do devedor.

📌 Conclusão

A execução e o bloqueio de bens antes da citação representam uma grave afronta ao Devido Processo Legal (tanto na vertente brasileira do contraditório e ampla defesa quanto na vertente americana do Due Process) e ao direito fundamental de Acesso à Justiça, conforme consolidado nos tratados internacionais de direitos humanos (especialmente Art. 8º e Art. 25 da CADH).

Enquanto o STJ brasileiro permite a medida apenas excepcionalmente, sob a forma de arresto executivo e com a prova do perigo de dano, exigindo a citação posterior para a conversão em penhora, o SCOTUS exige a demonstração de "situações extraordinárias" e robustas salvaguardas processuais, alinhando-se a uma forte proteção constitucional contra a privação de propriedade sem aviso prévio e oportunidade de ser ouvido.


READ THE FULL ARTICLE 

 "Blocking before citation in the tax foreclosure: systemic risk in the state of Rio" 📝

Here is the complete literal translation of the article, including all text and references.

OPINION

Blocking before citation in the tax foreclosure: systemic risk in the state of Rio

Iago V. Macello Figueiredo

Process (Procedure) 

November 27, 2025, 11:17 AM

The Law No. 6.830/1980 - Law of Fiscal Execution (LEF) - determines, in its article 8º, that the foreclosed party shall be cited to, within the term of five days, pay or guarantee the debt, establishing a legal regime that does not admit arbitrary flexibilization. The citation plays a structuring role in the constitutional model of due process of law, acting as an instrument for the opening of the adversarial proceeding and the ample defense, allowing the passive subject to know the state's claim and, especially, to exercise the less burdensome alternatives for the compliance of the tax obligation.

The principle of lesser burden confers upon the taxpayer the possibility of electing the means that best preserves their liquidity, be it by the offering of an adequate guarantee that allows the offering of the execution defenses, the installment plan, or even by spontaneous payment. ... and suppression of rights, compromising the essential core of due process of law (article 5º, LIV, of the CF/88).

The fiscal foreclosures in the state of Rio de Janeiro suffered relevant alterations with the creation of the Justice 4.0 Nuclei, given that eventual blocking orders began to be pronounced in separate digital records, even by magistrates who are not prevented (previously assigned) to the execution. Although the jurisdiction is an indispensable element for the impartiality and predictability of the court, any mechanism that propitiates its removal, even if justified by the improvement of the fiscal execution system, represents an affront to the principles of due process of law and the natural judge.

The Justice 4.0 Nuclei were formalized throughout the country based on Resolution No. 385/2021 of the National Council of Justice (CNJ), which establishes that the processes proceed through the "100% Digital Court," performed with the aid of technology and without the physical presence of the parties.

In this context, decisions from the Justice 4.0 Nucleus have been attributing to articles 7^{\circ} and 8^{\circ} of the LEF the interpretation that the initial dispatch would authorize, simultaneously, the citation and the attachment, even if the citation has not been perfected due to the negative return of the postal acknowledgement of receipt. Thus, although no blocking decision may appear after the standard "cite-se" decision, the Justice 4.0 Nucleus can determine the blocking of bank accounts due to the absence of a valid citation in a separate record from the fiscal execution case. In this sense, there are precedents from the Public Law Chambers of the Rio de Janeiro Court of Justice confirming this practice [1].

However, the decree of prior attachment (arresto) depends on the demonstration that the foreclosed party does not possess domicile or hides from it, in the terms of article 7^{\circ}, III, of the LEF. These circumstances demand robust factual elements, and cannot be extracted from the mere annotation of "absent" on the acknowledgement of receipt.

In this sense, Rodrigo Dalla Pria teaches that:

"Seizing financial assets, goods, or rights of the foreclosed party presupposes that minimum of adversarial procedure which has the objective of enabling the debtor to settle the enforceable debt spontaneously, which induces, consequently, that the foreclosed party has been at least cited of the tax foreclosure demand. This rule can only be excepted in the circumstances in which the tax creditor demonstrates, outright, the presence of the urgency requirements prescribed in art. 300 of the CPC, or of the situations enumerated in art. 7^{\circ}, inciso III, of the LEF (uncertain domicile or fraudulent hiding of the debtor), authorizing the cautionary attachment" [2].

Structural Phenomenon

Citation by mail is not performed by an agent endowed with public faith, nor does it possess the aptitude to qualify the subjective behavior of the recipient. 

The simple negative return of a registered letter does not prove hiding, so that its generalization converts absence into a presumption of fraud, emptying the exceptional character of the attachment measures and compromising the legal regime foreseen in the LEF, as taught by Mauro Luís Rocha Lopes: 

"Although the LEF prescribes that, frustrated the postal citation, the citation shall be done by bailiff or by public notice (art. 8, III, with our highlight), the effectuation of fictitious citation is not shown to be lawful before all possible means for the location of the debtor are exhausted, for affront to the due process of law. (...)

 For such reason, it is pondered that the infeasibility of citation by mail, in the fiscal execution, must be followed by the expedition of a citation writ, so that the bailiff, bearer of public faith, diligently proceeds to the address of the foreclosed party and certifies to the Court the reasons for the eventual impossibility of locating him, attaching his goods to guarantee the debt" [3].

There are precedents from the Superior Court of Justice (STJ) in the sense that, for the decree of blocking values through the BacenJud system, the prior demonstration of the authorizing requirements for its concession is imposed when performed before the citation of the foreclosed party:

"(Rel. Min. Mauro Campbell Marques sessãomual 28/03/2023 a 03/04/2023) -

PROCEDURAL CIVIL - INTERLOCUTORY APPEAL - FISCAL EXECUTION - BLOCKING OF

FINANCIAL ASSETS - NECESSITY OF PRIOR CITATION - CAUTIONARY MEASURE -

SUMMARIZED PRECEDENT 7/STJ. The STJ reaffirms that the blocking of financial assets via BacenJud, of a cautionary nature, requires the prior attempt to cite the foreclosed party and the demonstration of the authorizing requirements of the measure when requested before citation. Absence of these prerequisites impedes the deferral. Verification of factual elements finds an impediment in Summarized Precedent 7/STJ. Interlocutory appeal not granted" [4]. "STJ, EMENTA (SUMMARY) - REsp 1.664.465/PE - (Rel. Min. Herman Benjamin - judged on 02/08/2022) -


FISCAL EXECUTION BLOCKING OF ASSETS BEFORE CITATION - CAUTIONARY MEASURE - NECESSITY OF FUMUS BONI IURIS AND PERICULUM IN MORA. The STJ jurisprudence consolidated in the sense that the blocking of values via BacenJud, even after the CPC/2015 (art. 854), maintains a cautionary nature and can only be effected before citation if the specific requirements of the urgency protection are demonstrated. The discussion about the legal order of attachment (art. 11 of the LEF and art. 835, I, of theCPC/2015) is irrelevant to the case. Inexistence of omission in the appealed ruling (art. 1.022 of the CPC/2015). Special Appeal partially known and, in this part, not granted" [5]. 

Thus, the performance of an attachment prior to citation, unaccompanied by concrete reasoning, violates not only the express text of the LEF, but also the precedents of the STJ, generating significant legal uncertainty. This set of factors demonstrates a structural phenomenon that has been altering the very way jurisdiction is exercised in the state of Rio de Janeiro.

The current model of digital fiscal execution, by combining automation, fragmentation of jurisdiction, and pre-citation blocking decisions, creates precedents that corrode constitutional guarantees. Technology, conceived to increase efficiency, begins to operate as an instrument for the suppression of rights, prioritizing the logic of rapidity to the detriment of due process of law. 

The adoption of this model, especially when legitimized by local jurisprudence, produces a systemic risk. Fiscal execution, as a mechanism for the collection of tax credits, must rigorously observe the constitutional limits that ensure the taxpayer the right to defense before the imposition of patrimonial restrictions capable of compromising the continuity of their economic activity.

Given this scenario, it becomes evident that the current conformation of fiscal executions in the state of Rio de Janeiro demands from the taxpayer valid.

References

[1] TJ-RJ - AGRAVO DE INSTRUMENTO (INTERLOCUTORY APPEAL):

0082469-64.2024.8.19.0000, rapporteur: des. PEDRO SARAIVA DE ANDRADE LEMOS, date of judgment: 10/10/2024, 2ª CAMARA DE DIREITO PUBLICO (2nd PUBLIC LAW CHAMBER). TJ-RJ - AGRAVO INTERNO NO AGRAVO DE INSTRUMENTO (INTERNAL INTERLOCUTORY APPEAL IN INTERLOCUTORY APPEAL): 0023635-34.2025.8.19.0000, rapporteur: des.

CARLOS ALBERTO DIREITO FILHO, Date of Judgment: 27/08/2025, 4ª CÂMARA DE

DIREITO PÚBLICO (4th PUBLIC LAW CHAMBER). [2] PRIA, Rodrigo Dalla. Direito Processual Tributário (Tax Procedural Law). São Paulo: Noeses, 2020, p. 569/570. [3] LOPES, Mauro Luís Rocha. Processo Judicial Tributário: Execução Fiscal e Ações Tributárias (Tax Judicial Process: Fiscal Execution and Tax Actions). 9ª ed., Impetus, 2014, p. 60. [4] BRASIL. Superior Tribunal de Justiça (Superior Court of Justice). AgInt no AgInt no Agravo em Recurso Especial nº 2.264.953-SP (2022/0389305-1). Rapporteur: minister Mauro Campbell Marques. Appellant: municipality of Votuporanga. Judged on 03 Apr. 2023. Published on 11 Apr. 2023. [5] BRASIL.

Superior Tribunal de Justiça (Superior Court of Justice). Recurso Especial nº 1.664.465-PE (2017/0071201-0). Rapporteur: minister Herman Benjamin. Appellant: Fazenda Nacional (National Treasury). Appellee: Life Investimentos, Empreendimentos e Participações S/A.

Judged on 02 Aug. 2022. Published on 13 Dec. 2022.

Iago V. Macello Figueiredo is a professor at the Brazilian Institute of Tax Studies (Ibet), holds a master's degree from the Federal Fluminense University (UFF), specializes in Tax Law from Ibet, and is a tax lawyer. Tags: fiscal execution

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LEIA O ARTIGO ORIGINAL 

Bloqueio antes da citação na execução fiscal: risco sistêmico no estado do Rio

Iago V. Macello Figueiredo

27 de novembro de 2025, 11h17

fonte: CONJUR 

A Lei nº 6.830/1980 — Lei de Execução Fiscal (LEF) — determina, em seu artigo 8º, que o executado será citado para, no prazo de cinco dias, pagar ou garantir a dívida, estabelecendo um regime jurídico que não admite flexibilização arbitrária.

A citação desempenha papel estruturante no modelo constitucional do devido processo legal, atuando como instrumento de abertura do contraditório e da ampla defesa, permitindo que o sujeito passivo conheça a pretensão estatal e, especialmente, exerça as alternativas menos gravosas para o adimplemento da obrigação tributária.

O princípio da menor onerosidade confere ao contribuinte a possibilidade de eleger o meio que melhor preserva sua liquidez, seja pelo oferecimento de garantia apta que permita o oferecimento dos embargos à execução, o parcelamento ou até mesmo pelo pagamento espontâneo.

A antecipação do bloqueio patrimonial para momento anterior à citação transforma o processo executivo em instrumento de surpresa e supressão de direitos, comprometendo o núcleo essencial do devido processo legal (artigo 5º, LIV, da CF/88).

As execuções fiscais no estado do Rio de Janeiro sofreram relevantes alterações com a criação dos Núcleos de Justiça 4.0, uma vez que eventuais ordens de bloqueio passaram a ser proferidas em autos digitais apartados, até mesmo por magistrados que não estão preventos na execução. 

Embora a competência seja elemento indispensável para a imparcialidade e previsibilidade da jurisdição, qualquer mecanismo que propicie seu afastamento, ainda que justificado pelo aprimoramento do sistema de execuções fiscais, representando uma afronta aos princípios do devido processo legal e do juízo natural.

Os Núcleos de Justiça 4.0 foram formalizados em todo o país a partir da Resolução nº 385/2021 do Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ), a qual estabelece que os processos tramitam por meio do “Juízo 100% Digital”, realizados com o auxílio da tecnologia e sem a presença física das partes.

Nesse contexto, decisões do Núcleo de Justiça 4.0 vêm atribuindo aos artigos 7º e 8º da LEF a interpretação de que o despacho inicial autorizaria, simultaneamente, a citação e a penhora, ainda que a citação não tenha se aperfeiçoado em razão do retorno negativo do aviso de recebimento postal.

Assim, embora possa não constar qualquer decisão de bloqueio após a decisão padrão do “cite-se”, o Núcleo de Justiça 4.0 pode determinar o bloqueio de contas bancárias em razão da ausência de citação válida em apartado dos autos da execução fiscal. 

Nesse sentido, existem precedentes das Câmaras de Direito Público do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio de Janeiro confirmando essa prática [1].


Todavia, a decretação de arresto prévio depende da demonstração de que o executado não possua domicílio ou dele se oculte, nos termos do artigo 7º, III, da LEF. 

Essas circunstâncias demandam elementos fáticos robustos, não podendo ser extraídas da mera anotação de “ausente” no aviso de recebimento.

Nesse sentido, Rodrigo Dalla Pria ensina que:

“Em ambos os casos, contudo, a constrição eletrônica de ativos financeiros, bens ou direitos do executado pressupõe aquele mínimo de contraditoriedade que tem por objetivo possibilitar ao devedor saldar o débito exequendo de forma espontânea, o que induz, por conseguinte, que o executado haja sido ao menos citado da demanda executiva fiscal. Essa regra somente poderá ser exceptuada nas circunstâncias em que o credor tributário demonstrar, de plano, a presença dos requisitos de urgência prescritos no art. 300 do CPC, ou das situações enumeradas no art. 7º, inciso III, da LEF (domicílio incerto ou ocultação dolosa do devedor), autorizadoras do arresto cautelar” [2].

Fenômeno estrutural

A citação por correio não é realizada por agente dotado de fé pública, tampouco possui aptidão para qualificar o comportamento subjetivo do destinatário. 

O simples retorno negativo de carta registrada não comprova ocultação, de modo que sua generalização converte ausência em presunção de fraude, esvaziando o caráter excepcional das medidas de arresto e comprometendo o regime jurídico previsto na LEF, conforme ensina Mauro Luís Rocha Lopes:

“Embora prescreva a LEF que, frustrada a citação postal, a citação será feita por oficial de justiça ou por edital (art. 8, III, com destaque nosso), não se mostra lícita a efetivação de citação ficta antes de esgotados todos os meios possíveis à localização do devedor, por afronta ao devido processo legal. (…)

Por tal razão, pondere-se que a inviabilidade de citação pelo correio, na execução fiscal, deve ser seguida de expedição de mandado de citação, para que o oficial de justiça, portador de fé pública, diligencie no endereço do executado e certifique ao Juízo os motivos da eventual impossibilidade de localizá-lo, arrestando-lhe os bens a garantir o débito” [3].


Existem precedentes do Superior Tribunal de Justiça no sentido de que, para a decretação de bloqueio de valores por meio do sistema BacenJud, impõe-se a demonstração prévia dos requisitos autorizadores de sua concessão quando realizada antes da citação do executado:

“STJ, EMENTA – AgInt no AgInt no AREsp 2.264.953/SP (Rel. Min. Mauro Campbell Marques — sessão virtual 28/03/2023 a 03/04/2023) – PROCESSUAL CIVIL – AGRAVO INTERNO – EXECUÇÃO FISCAL – BLOQUEIO DE ATIVOS FINANCEIROS – NECESSIDADE DE PRÉVIA CITAÇÃO – MEDIDA ACAUTELATÓRIA – SÚMULA 7/STJ.
O STJ reafirma que o bloqueio de ativos financeiros via BacenJud, de natureza cautelar, exige a prévia tentativa de citação do executado e a demonstração dos requisitos autorizadores da medida quando requerida antes da citação. Ausência desses pressupostos impede o deferimento. Aferição de elementos fáticos encontra óbice na Súmula 7/STJ. Agravo interno não provido” [4].

“STJ, EMENTA – REsp 1.664.465/PE –(Rel. Min. Herman Benjamin — julgado em 02/08/2022) – EXECUÇÃO FISCAL – BLOQUEIO DE ATIVOS ANTES DA CITAÇÃO – MEDIDA ACAUTELATÓRIA – NECESSIDADE DE FUMUS BONI IURIS E PERICULUM IN MORA. A jurisprudência do STJ consolidou-se no sentido de que o bloqueio de valores via BacenJud, mesmo após o CPC/2015 (art. 854), mantém natureza cautelar e somente pode ser efetivado antes da citação se demonstrados os requisitos específicos da tutela de urgência. A discussão sobre ordem legal de penhora (art. 11 da LEF e art. 835, I, do CPC/2015) é irrelevante para o caso. Inexistência de omissão no acórdão recorrido (art. 1.022 do CPC/2015). Recurso Especial parcialmente conhecido e, nessa parte, não provido” [5].

Assim, a realização de penhora prévia à citação, desacompanhada de fundamentação concreta, viola não apenas o texto expresso da LEF, mas também os precedentes do STJ, gerando significativa insegurança jurídica. Esse conjunto de fatores evidencia fenômeno estrutural que vem alterando a própria forma como a jurisdição é exercida no estado do Rio de Janeiro.


O atual modelo de execução fiscal digital, ao conjugar automatização, fragmentação da competência e decisões de bloqueio pré-citatório, cria precedentes que corroem garantias constitucionais. 

A tecnologia, concebida para incrementar a eficiência, passa a operar como instrumento de supressão de direitos, privilegiando a lógica da rapidez em detrimento do devido processo legal.

A adoção desse modelo, sobretudo quando legitimada pela jurisprudência local, produz risco sistêmico.

 A execução fiscal, enquanto mecanismo de cobrança de créditos tributários, deve observar rigorosamente os limites constitucionais que asseguram ao contribuinte o direito de defesa antes da imposição de restrições patrimoniais capazes de comprometer a continuidade de sua atividade econômica.

Diante desse cenário, torna-se evidente que a conformação atual das execuções fiscais no estado do Rio de Janeiro exige do contribuinte uma atuação processual estratégica, estruturada desde o primeiro ato processual, com a perspectiva de que o litígio possivelmente alcançará os tribunais superiores, a fim de anular a decisão da penhora da conta bancária do executado antes de ocorrida a citação válida.


Referências

[1] TJ-RJ – AGRAVO DE INSTRUMENTO: 00824696420248190000, relator: des. PEDRO SARAIVA DE ANDRADE LEMOS, data de julgamento: 10/10/2024, 2ª CAMARA DE DIREITO PUBLICO.

TJ-RJ – AGRAVO INTERNO NO AGRAVO DE INSTRUMENTO: 0023635-34.2025.8.19.0000, relator: des. CARLOS ALBERTO DIREITO FILHO, Data de Julgamento: 27/08/2025, 4ª CÂMARA DE DIREITO PÚBLICO.

[2] PRIA, Rodrigo Dalla. Direito Processual Tributário. São Paulo: Noeses, 2020, p. 569/570.

[3] LOPES, Mauro Luís Rocha. Processo Judicial Tributário: Execução Fiscal e Ações Tributárias. 9ª ed., Impetus, 2014, p. 60.

[4] BRASIL. Superior Tribunal de Justiça. AgInt no AgInt no Agravo em Recurso Especial nº 2.264.953 – SP (2022/0389305-1). Relator: ministro Mauro Campbell Marques. Agravante: município de Votuporanga. Julgado em 03 abr. 2023. Publicado em 11 abr. 2023.

[5] BRASIL. Superior Tribunal de Justiça. Recurso Especial nº 1.664.465 – PE (2017/0071201-0). Relator: ministro Herman Benjamin. Recorrente: Fazenda Nacional. Recorrido: Life Investimentos, Empreendimentos e Participações S/A. Julgado em 02 ago. 2022. Publicado em 13 dez. 2022.


Iago V. Macello Figueiredo
é professor do Instituto Brasileiro de Estudos Tributários (Ibet), mestre pela Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), especialista em Direito Tributário pelo Ibet e advogado tributarista.